西里西亚省的后矿业时代煤矿波兰
1 西里西亚省博物馆在原先的“卡托维兹”矿井开设的新馆/The Silesian Museum opened its new seat in the former"Katowice" mine （图片来源/Sources: Ars Cameralis Silesiae Superioris）
密集工业化的时代在西里西亚省已成为历史，但现实中采煤仍在继续。不过，面向新后工业经济，再利用旧工业设施的新途径带来的变化已历历在目。
在西里西亚进行旅游和文化改造的遗址中，不少革新项目是引人瞩目的：卡托维兹的西里西亚博物馆、希维托赫洛维采的波兰矿井卷扬塔、圭多煤矿，以及带有世袭主横井和马切伊竖井的路易斯女王矿井。最后3 处遗址位于扎布热市，那是今天上西里西亚后工业改造的主体，也是省中心。
创立于1929 年的西里西亚省博物馆于2015 年在原先的“卡托维兹”矿井开设了新馆，使6.5hm2的后工业遗址得以复兴。项目为一座主要博物馆提供了场地，将原有的矿业设施改造成博物馆建筑，并创造出引人瞩目的户外空间。奥地利工作室里格勒尔-里韦建筑事务所的建筑理念避免了对这个后工业景观造成过度干扰：巨大的建筑群大部分都隐藏在地下。庞大的地下部分有一个320 座的礼堂、一座图书馆、许多教室和会议室、令人印象深刻的展示空间，以及一座高12.5m 的停车场。这个建筑群包括原华沙竖井的机房和更衣室。前者被改造为一座两层的餐厅，后者是波兰演艺中心大楼。
圭多煤矿建于1855 年，在开采终止后成为排水点和试验矿。如今，这座矿井成了欧洲硬煤矿最深的旅游路线之一：在地下170m、320m 甚至355m 深的地方，游客穿着矿工的全套工作服，重新体会普通矿工的工作。游线以欧洲地下最深的酒馆为终点。这座矿井还举办克日什托夫·彭代雷茨基国际节等艺术和音乐活动。
扎布热的路易斯女王横井是该地区矿业遗产保护的主要项目。路易斯女王矿井是上西里西亚最古老的国有硬煤矿，遗址保留了它原来的地上和地下区域，并加以布置。它包括可运转的蒸汽卷扬机以及由通道和挖掘点组成的迷宫，并在地下展示19世纪以来的采矿机械。最吸引游客的一个景点是通往世袭主横井的1100m 地下水路——欧洲煤矿中最长的水利工程。
扎布热原来的煤矿马切伊竖井实施了注重历史的改造。它是1920 年代以来原康科迪亚煤矿大建筑群的一部分。其中，马切伊竖井建筑群有一座全美食餐厅和时尚酒馆。游人可以参观竖井的主要建筑，以及卷扬塔顶部、机房和水站。2015 年，马切伊竖井作为杰出保护遗迹荣获波兰文化部大奖。
这条工业遗迹路线是波兰集中展示该地区工业文化和遗产各方面内容的主题路线，并在过去10年吸引了650 万游客。□
An era of intensive industrialisation has gone in Silesian Voivodeship, but coal mining keeps beeing involved in its reality. However, there is already possible to perceive the change resulting from the new approach of reuse of former industrial facilities towards new postindustrial economy.
Amongst the sites adapted to tourism and cultural purposes in Silesia, few of them stand out as transformative projects: the Silesian Museum in Katowice, the Polska Mine Hoist Towers in Swietochlowice, the Guido Coal Mine, the Queen Louise Mine with the Main Key Hereditary Adit and the Maciej Shaft. The last three sites are located in the city of Zabrze, the current host of postindustrial readaptations in Upper Silesia, a central part of the voivodeship.
Muzeum ?l?skie, founded 1929, opened its new seat in the former "Katowice" mine in 2015 revitalising 6.5hm2of the post-industrial site,by providing a main museum venue, converting former mining facilities into museum buildings and creating an attractive outdoor space. The architectural concept by the Austrian studio Riegler Riewe Architekten avoids over-interference with the post-industrial landscape: most of the large complex is hidden underground. The large underground section comes with an auditorium for 320 visitors,a library, educational and conference halls, an impressive exhibition space, that is carpark. The complex includes the former machine room of Warszawa shaft, converted into a twostory restaurant, and a former clothing storehouse,today's building of Centrum Scenografii Polskiej.
Guido Coal Mine was established in 1855 and served as a drainage point and experimental mine after the end of explotation. Today, the mine offers one of the deepest tourist routes in a hard coal mine in Europe: 170m, 320m and even 355m by depth,where visitors wear full miner's outfit and re-enact common miner's tasks. The tour ends in the deepest located pub in Europe. The mine also hosts artistic and music events such as the Krzysztof Penderecki International Festival.
The Queen Louise Adit complex in Zabrze is the main project of the preservation of the mining heritage in the region. The site preserves and arranges the on-ground and underground area of the former Queen Louise Mine, the oldest stateowned hard coal mine in Upper Silesia. It comprises an active steam winding engine, and a labyrinth of gangways and excavations with an underground exhibition of mining machinery that has been working since 19th century. One of the biggest tourist atractions is an underground water route of 1100m that leads to the Main Key Hereditary Adit - the longest hydro-engineering structure in the European coal mining industry.
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